Blog
Insights, tutorials, and lessons learned
TypeScript Errors as values: typed errors vs defects
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Not every error belongs in your types. How to separate recoverable domain errors from technical [...]
AI Faster with AI without burning out: Agentic Coding done right
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Why AI exhausts so many dev teams, and how Agentic Coding done right lets you ship faster, better [...]
Concurrency Function coloring: when sync and async become an implementation detail
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The Function Coloring problem between sync and async functions, and how Effect Systems like Effect [...]
Architecture Push notifications: a distributed system in its own right
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From template to device: how mobile push notifications actually work, their product and technical [...]
AIAI is revolutionizing how we write software, not the engineer's role
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AI is transforming how we write software, but not the engineer's mission: laying the rails the AI [...]
AI The underestimated advantage of AI
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An AI agent aligns easily with a team's standards, but it amplifies the good and the bad alike. Why [...]
Resilience Chaos Engineering explained: preparing for the worst in production
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Chaos Engineering, popularized by Netflix: deliberately inject failures to uncover the weaknesses [...]
Lean ManagementListening to bad news: Bill Gates' lesson
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For Bill Gates, his most important job was making sure bad news was never ignored. A Lean lesson on [...]
Lean Management Near Transfer: strike while the iron is hot to learn
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The Near Transfer concept from neuroscience applied to Problem Solving: solving problems the moment [...]
Testing A test that pollutes the console should fail: the Broken Windows Effect
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Why a green test that pollutes stdout/stderr should be red, and how the Broken Windows Effect [...]
ConcurrencyWorker Threads: run CPU-intensive tasks without blocking the Event Loop
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How to offload CPU-intensive tasks with Node.js Worker Threads without degrading the Event Loop [...]
ConcurrencyBlocking vs non-blocking: mastering Event Loop performance
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Understanding Blocking and Non-Blocking in Node.js: the Reactor Pattern, Event Loop, thread pools [...]
Craftsmanship The Boy Scout Rule: leave the code cleaner
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The Boy Scout Rule and Opportunistic Refactoring: turning continuous code improvement into a [...]
Resilience The Bulkhead pattern: isolate failures for a resilient app
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The final pattern in the resilience series: the Bulkhead. Partition resources to isolate failures [...]
Architecture Production-ready: what an app lives after deployment
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Our job doesn't stop at the commit. The pillars of an Enterprise-Ready application in production [...]
ResilienceRate limiting: protecting the server from overload
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Rate Limiting to protect the server: capping requests for stability, security, and business. How it [...]
ResilienceCircuit Breaker pattern: a shield against cascading failure
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The Circuit Breaker, the circuit breaker of a resilient architecture: a CLOSED/OPEN/HALF-OPEN state [...]
ResilienceThe Timeout pattern: stopping cascading failure in prod
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The Timeout pattern for resilience: bound every external interaction in time, free up resources [...]
ResilienceRetry pattern: don't stop at the first error
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First of 5 resilience patterns: the Retry and its backoff strategies (fixed, exponential, jitter) [...]
JavaScript JavaScript's module system: a hell for tooling
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Why a single import triggers dozens of disk lookups, and how explicit extensions [...]
TypeScriptType-Driven Development: the TDD no one talks about
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Branded types, illegal states unrepresentable, parse don't validate: how to get the most out of the [...]
ArchitectureEnforcing a hexagonal architecture with code
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Konsist, ArchUnit, eslint-plugin-boundaries: make a hexagonal architecture executable by automating [...]
Career How the Effect library makes you a better software engineer
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Concurrency, functional programming, resilience, type-safety: why exploring Effect forces you to [...]
Lean Management Operational excellence = technical + organizational
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Technical excellence alone won't make a tech product succeed. How Lean Management lets you move [...]
ConcurrencyConcurrency: why abstractions are not enough
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Callbacks, Promises, Fibers, Coroutines reduce complexity but don't eliminate resource leaks and [...]
Architecture The mishandled loading states that wreck your app's UX
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Flicker, endless spinners: how to guarantee consistent loading states with spin-delay, optimistic [...]
Concurrency Concurrency: handling I/O with threads is a leaky abstraction
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From Ryan Dahl's diagnosis to the birth of Node.js: why the Event Loop is an alternative to the [...]
Career Is technical excellence forged in chaos?
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Why spaghetti codebases and big balls of mud are the best learning opportunities to become a better [...]
JavaScript Evaluation strategy vs execution strategy: lazy/eager & sync/async
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Two fundamental concepts often confused: the evaluation strategy (eager/lazy) decides when an [...]
ArchitectureInversion of Control (IoC): the core concept and its use cases
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A deep dive into Inversion of Control: its history, the Hollywood Principle, callbacks, framework [...]
CareerConsultant: a tarnished role, but is the job to blame?
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The IT consultant role suffers from a bad reputation. A look at the three pillars of the job and [...]
Concurrency Callbacks: the Zalgo anti-pattern, never mix sync and async
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Why a callback that is both synchronous and asynchronous is an anti-pattern (Zalgo) [...]
ConcurrencyCallbacks: a callback isn't necessarily async
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Demystifying callbacks in JavaScript: the difference between synchronous and asynchronous [...]
JavaScriptClosures: what are they actually for?
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Six concepts that rest on closures: currying, partial application, higher-order functions [...]
JavaScriptClosures: a closure is not just a function
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Understanding closures in JavaScript: bound vs free variables, capturing the lexical context, and [...]
Lean ManagementLean in service of technical excellence
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How Lean, seen as a continuous learning system, turns every bug into an opportunity to eradicate [...]
ToolingAutomate SQL migrations with Docker Compose Watch
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How Docker Compose's Watch feature (sync, rebuild, sync+restart) shortens the feedback loop and [...]
Open SourceOpen source: the best playground to grow as an engineer
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Why open source is the best place to learn: skill growth, collaborating with the best, real impact [...]
ToolingWatch mode: Live Reload vs Hot Reload, JavaScript's envied feature
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Live Reload vs Hot Reload (HMR): how they work, granularity, feedback loop, and the developer [...]
Lean ManagementSuccessful tech teams have learned to solve problems
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Adopt a Lean mindset to turn every obstacle into an opportunity: Continuous Delivery, root-cause [...]
Lean Management Cut your lead time with One-Piece Flow and Little's Law
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How One-Piece Flow from Lean Management reduces Lead Time, proven mathematically with Little's Law [...]
Lean ManagementStop flooding your backlogs: embrace Just-in-Time
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Why the backlog creates overproduction Muda, and how Just-in-Time from Lean Management aligns [...]
ArchitectureThe DataLoader pattern: solving N+1 in GraphQL
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Discover the DataLoader pattern to solve the N+1 problem in GraphQL through batching and caching [...]
ArchitectureUnderstanding the N+1 problem with GraphQL
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The N+1 problem explained in detail in the context of GraphQL: how a single initial query triggers [...]
Lean Management The 8 Mudas of Lean: hunting waste with TIM WOOD
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A tour of the 8 categories of Muda (waste) from the Toyota Production System, memorized with the [...]
Lean Management The Gemba Walk: spotting problems on the ground
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How the Lean-born Gemba Walk helps a Team Lead spot, on the ground, the organizational and [...]
TypeScriptBetter type-safety in TypeScript with Branded Types
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Structural vs nominal type systems in TypeScript, and how Branded Types bring type-level uniqueness [...]
ConcurrencyPromises and resource management: the interruption problem
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The little-known flaw in Promises: their non-interruptible nature prevents resources from being [...]
TypeScriptGeneric, type parameter, type argument: real semantics
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Restoring the true definition of a generic in TypeScript: a generic type takes type parameters [...]
ArchitectureCaching: invalidation and eviction, a cache's complexity
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Understanding a cache's complexity: invalidation via TTL and eviction with the LRU, LFU and FIFO [...]
ArchitectureA caching story: where does a cache's speed come from?
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How a cache speeds up your web apps: in-memory storage, data proximity (CDN), LRU/LFU algorithms [...]
Architecture A caching story: speeding up a web app, simply
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An intro to web caching: avoiding over-fetching with the HTTP Cache-Control header, private and [...]
Architecture Running containerized apps in production: graceful shutdown
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Why production containers need proper SIGTERM handling: graceful shutdown, the PID1 init problem [...]
ToolingThe production mistake to avoid: PID1 in a container
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Why your app must not be a container's PID1: signal propagation, zombie/orphan processes, Docker's [...]
ArchitectureDirected Acyclic Graphs (DAGs) and topological sort
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Understanding DAGs: why cycles are a problem, how topological sort determines task execution order [...]
ArchitectureDependency graphs: Nx, Rush, Bazel, docker-compose & CI/CD
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Why dependency graphs sit at the heart of modern tooling: monorepo task orchestration, the Affected [...]
Lean ManagementThe problem-solving culture: PDCA and root causes
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Why problem-solving is so rarely standardized: the Lean-born PDCA, the difference between symptom [...]
Open Source Visualizing project dependencies with skott web app v2
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A tour of skott web app v2: cluster & hierarchical graph layouts, a VSCode-like file explorer [...]
TypeScript TypeScript or a prayer before deploy? A case for static typing
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Why dropping TypeScript for untyped JavaScript is a step backward: feedback, fearless refactoring [...]
Craftsmanship Test-Driven Development and Dependency Injection are the way
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How TDD and Dependency Injection drive software design: Test-First vs Test-Last vs TDD, baby steps [...]
TypeScriptWhy Effect? An open-source introduction to the library
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Why Effect in TypeScript: making errors and dependencies explicit, testing, resilience [...]
Craftsmanship Don't target 100% coverage (but achieve it anyway)
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Why 100% code coverage is a misleading target: a trap example, mutation testing with Stryker, and [...]
Open Source Exploring the latest features of skott: road to v1
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skott's road to v1: the new web application display mode, incremental graph processing with [...]
Tooling Everything you need to know about package managers
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How package managers work: install/update/remove, dependency-tree consistency with lockfiles [...]
Tooling What it takes to build a static analysis tool
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The foundations of static analysis: parsers, lexical vs syntactic analysis, Abstract Syntax Trees [...]
Open Source Introducing skott, the new Madge
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Meet skott: a devtool that builds a dependency graph of your JavaScript/TypeScript/Node.js project [...]
Architecture Implementing the Incremental/Affected pattern
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Build the Incremental/Affected pattern by hand: model a project as a directed graph, hash + cache [...]
JavaScriptMaster directed graphs by example with JavaScript
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An introduction to directed graphs for developers: vertices, edges and adjacency, plus three real [...]
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